Hydraulic pump



Nov. 17, 1931. w. N. sQulREs HYDRAULIC PUMP Filed Hay 5. 1928 5Sheets-Sheet 1 fladdddldllni lill' Nov. 17, 1931. w. N. sQUlREsHYDRAULIC PUMP Filed May 5. 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Winesa Nov. 17, 1931.w. N. sQumEs HYDRAULIC PUMP Filed May 5. 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 'WifzzeeaNov. 17, 1931`. w. N. sQulREs 1,832,667

HYDRAULIC UMP Filed May 5, 1928 5 Sheets-Shet 4 Nov. 17, 1931. w. N.sQUlREs 1,832,667

HYDRAULIC rUMP Filed May 5. 1928 5 Shasta-Sheet 5 wmf/1%? www PatentedNov. `17, 1931 UNITED STATESu WILBUB N. SQUIRES. OF J'OPLIN.

PATENT OFFICE MISSOURI.. ASSIGNR T0 HYDRAULIC DEEP mi'.

rum comm, or JorLIN, mrssoum, a coaroaATIoN or mssoUaI mastino PmApplication led Hay 5, 1928. i Serial No. 275,404.

My invention relates to deep well pumping systems of the type employinga pumping mechanism disposed within the well and actuated throughhydraulic connections b a jack or liperating connections at the hea ofthe wel In pumping s stems of this class, as heretofore known, therehave been two types. The first type employs a source of unidirectionalluid pressure supplied as by a pump at the head of the well and a motormechanism forming a part of the pump within the well and having a pistonmember driven alternately in one direction and then the other throughthe intervention of a switching valve mechanism. If ythe switching valveis placed at the head of the well it is subjected to the excessivehvdraulic pressure, and the life of such a valve is usually very short.If the switching` valve is disposed within the well, it must be designedto go into a restricted space, is inaccessible and is likely to stop ondead center from which it is difficult to move it.

A second type of system involves the use of alternately pulsatingcolumns of liquid on opposite sides of a pump actuating piston or motorpiston. These columns are preferably actuated by the pistons of thepulsator at the end of the well. Serial No. -.1 58.896 and 219.922, Ihave disclosed and claimed pumping systems of the second type.

The present invention relates to a svstem differing from both of theabove types in the essential feature of having one stroke of the motormechanism that operates the pump iliade by thelstatic pressure head ofboth columns against an external pressure, for exam plo. that obtainingin the well where the pump is disposed.

I supply pulsating or periodic unidirectional pressure in' one hvdraulicline onlv and employ a switching valve which opens under pressure toequalize the pressure between the two lines, and closes when the returnstroke has been completed bvy the static pressure head, that is. whenthejiressures upon both sides of the switching valve are equalized orsubstantially equalized.

In my prior applications,k

I employ two concentric h draulic lines, the inner one of which preferaly is the power line, and the outer one of which is preferably thedischarge line, although this may be varied at will. The piston whichoperates the pump in the well is subjected on one side to the pressurewithin the power line and on the other side to the pressure within thedischar e line.

W en a pressure stroke is made by the said piston as, for example, bymeans of a single cylinder pump jack, the piston is moved in onedirectionlto the end of its stroke, whereupon a switching valve isopened to equalize the pressure upon both sides of the piston, andmovement of the piston on the return stroke is made by a connecteddifferential piston which on one side has the static pressure of the twohydraulic columns and on the other an inferior pressure such asatmospheric or a suitable low pressure such as may prevail in the wellin which the pump is located. The preponderance of static pressure oversuch low pressure is able to make the return stroke of the power pistonand to close the switching valve so as to separate the two columns topermit the next power stroke to be made. y

The specific arrangement of motor piston anddillerential stati pistonmay be widely varied within the scope of my invention. I believe itisbroadly new to employ the difference between the static pressure and asuit-able low pressure such as atmospheric or the submergence pressurein the well to make the return stroke of the motor piston. It can beseen that all of the power which is employed in raising the liquid fromthe well must come from the jack or pulsator mechanism at the head ofthe well, and-each stroke of the pulsator provides power for twodifferent .actions, that it to say, on the power stroke of the motorpiston, liquid is discharged from the well,`and at the same time poweris stored in the `pumping mechanism to make the 'necessary return strokeof the motor piston.

Now in order to aquaint those skilled in the art with the manner ofconstructing and operating a device embodying my invention, I

shall describe in connection with the accompanying drawings a specificembodiment of the invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the relation of the two static columns, thepiston between them, the valve controlling the connection of the twocolumns, and the diiierential pis.

Fig. 6 is a section taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a section taken on the line 7-7 of of Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary section taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is an end view of the parts shown in Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a section taken on the line 1.0-10 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 11 is a longitudinal section taken through the lower end of thepump shown in Fig. 5 but at right angles to the section taken at Fig. 5showing also the intake valve construction.

Fig. 12 comprising two separate views. part I and part II, of which partII is to form a continuation of the lower end of part I,

shows a longitudinal vertical section through a modified form of pump ofmy invention.

Fig. 13 is a cross section taken on the line 13--13 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a vertical line 14-14 of Fig. 13.

Fig. 15 is a cross section taken on the line 15-15 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 16 is a fragmentary longitudinal section taken on the line 16.-16of Fig. 12.

Fig. 17 is an end view of the part shown in Fig. 16.

Fig. 18 is a cross section taken on the line 18-18 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 19 comprising part I, part II and part III, which are adapted to beplaced end to end with part I at the top, is a longitudinal verticalsection of a modified form of pump.

Fig. 20 is a fragmentary section taken at right angles to Fig. 1.9.

Fig. 21 is a section taken on the line 21-21 of Fig. 19.

Fig. 22 is a section taken on the line 22-22 section taken on the ofFig. 19.

Vof its stroke towards the Fig. 23 is a section taken on the line 23-23of Fig. 19.

Fig. 24 is a fragmentary detail view of the s ring pressure late.

Re erring now to 'g. 1, assume that two hydraulic columns, 1 and 2, areseparated by a movable piston 3 in a cylinder member 4, and that adifferential stem or piston 5 projects out through a wall of thecylinder 4 so that its cross sectional area is exposed to atmosphere.

The piston 3 has an aperture 6 therethrough which is adapted to becontrolled by a valve 7 which valve 7 is shown diagrammatically only.Assume that the valve 7 is closed and the parts are in the positionshown, and that pressure is applied to the column 1 driving the piston 3to the left as viewed in Fig. 1, the valve 7 being at this time closed.Assume that when the piston 3 reaches the end left, the valve 7 is openand remains open until the piston 3 is moved completely to the right. Itwill be seen that the static pressure of liquid in both columns 1 and 2will be equalized upon opposite sides of the piston 3 so that there isno difference of pressure tending to move the same. However, the statichead of both columns is equalized and is exerted on the cross sectionalarea of the stem 5 tending to drive it to the right. When the piston 3is driven to the end of its stroke or to the right, as

viewed in Fig. 1, the valve 7 is again closed., whereupon anotherimpulse of pressure may be applied to the column 1 and another cycle ofoperations will occur.

It can now beseen that by this mode of operation the application ofpressure to the piston 3 to move it to the left need not be carefullymetered since the opening of the valve 7 when the piston arrives at thelimitvof its travel toward the left permits any excess of displacementof the ulsator plunger 8 in ulsator cylinder 9 to be freely dischargedinto the column 2. Upon the return stroke of the pulsator piston 8 theonly force effective to move the piston 3 is the static head operatingon the cross section of the plunger 5.

From the diagram of Fig. 1 it will be appreciated that it is possiblethrough a diii'erential piston arrangement to permit the pulsator todrive the motor piston 3 through a complete stroke even though thedisplacements of the pistons correlated.

In the building of pumps of the character referred to in my priorapplications it was found that the yield of the containing pipes andother parts is such as to make lation of piston displacement and motordisplacement very diilicult, but by the scheme here outlined thatdiiiculty is now obviated.

The diagram of Fig. 1 of course does not show any utilization of themotion of the 8 and 3 are not exactly the corremotor piston 3, but thismay be done ina variety of ways and with a variety of apparatus. Forexample, in Fig. 2 I have shown the differential plunger 5 as connectedto a pump plunger 10 operating in a cylinder 11, which cylinder throughthe medium of intake and discharge check` valves 12 and 13 is operativeto draw liquid from the Well and discharge the same into the dischargecolumn 2 upon the power stroke of the motor piston 3. I have shown thedifferential plunger 5 as connected to the pump plunger 10 by connection14, which may be of any suitable character. The pumping cylinder 11discharges into the discharge column 2 either through the end of thecylinder 4 or otherwise. The operation of the system diagrammaticallyshown in Fig'. 2 is as follows:

Assume that the pulsator piston 8 is operated to discharge liouid intothe power col-i umn 1. The valve 7 is closed. The application ofpressure to the column`1 and the right hand side of the motor piston 3causes the motor piston 3. the differential plunger 5 and the pumplunger 10 to move to the left as viewed in 'ia. 2. To make a completestroke. at the end of the stroke. the valve 7 is opened and remains openuntil the piston 3 is moved completely to the right. as viewed in Fig.2. The movement of the piston 3 and plunger 1f) to the left has caused adischarge of liuuid from both the left hand side of the cvlinder 4 andfrom the pump cylinder 11 through the discharge pipe 2. When the valve 7is opened at the end of the stroke, the pressures upon opposite sidesofthe pi ston 3 and cvlinder 4 are cqualized and remain so throughoutthe return stroke. The check valve 13 prevents any pressure beine'applied to the pump plunger 10. but a static pressure is applied to thedifferential plunger` and the differential plunnrer 5 is of a crosssectional area Igreater than the cross sectional area of the plunger 10to the end that the plunger 5 is able to move the plunger 10 to thericht to malte a suction stroke of the pump cylinder 11. Depending uponthe differences in pressure. the relation of the areas of the pistonsand 10 mav be widely varied.

Tt will bc observed that the return motion, which is made by thepreponderance of static pressure over the submergence pressure in theWell. performs the suction stroke of the pump cylinder 11.

If desired the reverse relation mav he einployed, namely, that the powerstroke of tlu1 piston 3 may make the suction strol-e of the pump and thedischarge stroke of the pump cylinder may be made bv the applic-ation ofstatic pressure to the differential plunger. For example. I have shownin Fic'. 3 the manner in which this may he donc. In this case thepumping cylinder 11 having its inlet and discharge valves 12 and 1:-2`is adapted to have the operating plunger 10 connected directly in linewith the differential piston 5 which is made of a diameter greater thanthe diameter of the pumping plunger 10, so that upon the completion of astroke to the left and opening of the valve 7 the static head operatingon the cross section of the plunger 5 is great enough' to cause thepumping plunger 10 to be driven to the right 1n the cylinder 11 todischarge the contents of the cylinder 11 into the discharge column 2.At the same time the pumping plunger 3 is returned to the right and thevalve closed.

In the system shown in Fig'. 4 I have shown diagrammaticallv but more indetail a system in which the static head is employed for makingl thereturn stroke of4 the power plunger when the switchingr valve is open toequalize the pressures between the two columns. The diagram of Fig. 4 isstructurally an exposition of the modification shown in Figs. 5 to 11.

In Fif?. 4 the pulsator 15 is shown as having a plunger 8 moving in acvlinder 9 correspending to the diagrams of Fiss. 1 to 3.

The cylinder 9 has a sleeve 16 movable bv ring friction to open andclose a port for the admission of liuuid from a supply pipe 17 andintake chamber 18 to discharge the same through the pipe 19 downthrousvh the column 1 to the interior of cylinder 4 and upon the upperside of the hollow piston 3. The sleeve valve 16 has an inturned flangemember 20 and a souare or flat face thereupon which is adapted to enqapethe internal fiat face of the head 2l. When the plunger 8 is drawn tothe right. as viewed in Fier. 4. the friction of the piston rines 22causes the sleeve valve 16 to be moved end- Wise to abut af'ainst thestops 23 to provide a separation of the Harige 20 from the heed 21 sothat the cvlinder may he filled with liuuid to be discharged into thecolumn 1.

The motor piston 3 comprises a hollow tul buler member having' anenlargement 24 at its lower end enclosing a rotary valve 25 liavino:ports Q6 adapted to be hroufrht into refrister with similar ports 27 inthe side Walls of the enlargement 24. The valve 25 has an operatinfrarm28 on which there is mounted a roller 29 and the arm 28 moves through anarcuate opening or slot so as to shift. the valve from open to closedposition and vice versa. At the end of the downward stroke the roller 29chauffes rn inclined cam or track 30. which shifts the valve 25 to ouenposition. :is shown iu Fic'. 4.

On the return stroke the roller 2S) cnn-lacs a cam or track 31 inclinedin the same direction and adapted to shift the valve 25 to closedposition. The motor piston 3 is connected to a hollow pumping plunger 10as by means of a stem 32 and valve cage 33 enclosing the discharge checkvalve 13. A cylinder member 11 houses the pumping plunger l0. and itcommunicates by way of a pipe 34 and intake check valve 12 with thesource of liquid to he pumped. The hollow pumping plunger 10 at itslower end is connected through a spider and stern 36 to a difi'ercntialpiston 5 moving in the differential cylinder 37. One side of the piston5 is exposed to atmospheric pressure or submergent pressure in the well,whereas the opposite side. namely, in the cylinder 37, is exposed tostatic pressure within the column 2, and when the valve 7 is open. thepressure of the two columns is substantially equalized upon the oppositeends of the plunger 5, as viewed 1n Fig. 4. The communicating passageway33 provides a connection between the lower end ot the column 2 and theinterior of the c vlinder 37. The column 2 is provided on the outside ofthe column 1 concentric therewith, and at its upper end has a dischargeconnection 39 leading to a suitable receiver or reservoir into which theliquid is pumped. The operation of this system is as follows: Assumethat the pulsator piston 9 has inst completed its power stroke to theleft as viewed in Fig. 4, and the motor piston 3 with its connectedparts has been driven down to a point where the valve 7 has been openedand pressure equalized. The deliverv of any further pressure at the endof the stroke of the pulsator pistou merely discharges liuuid freelythrough the ports 26, 27. The valves 13 and 12 are at this time on theirseats. Since the upper part of differential plunger 5 is exposed to agreatly inferior pressure an the lower part of the cylinder 37 isexposed to the full static pressure of the columns 1 and 2. and sincethe area of plunger 5 is greater than the cross sectional area of theplunger 10 in the cylinder 1l. it can be secu that the system of movableparts will travel upwardly. As the valve 7 is onen, the motor piston 3can lv with no resistance other than the friction ot the piston 3 in thecylinder 4. The upward motion of the pumping plunger 10 creat es adisplacement of liquid in the lower part ot the column 2 against thefull static pressure therein since the check valve 13 must remainseated. Thereby the net result of the npwa rd motion of the nlungers 10and 5 is a displacement outwardly of a part of the liquid undcr fullstatic head. The upward motion of the pumping plunger 10 draws l`-quidinto the cylinder 11 through the inlet cheek valve 12. lVhcn the systemhas moved to the limit of its upward stroke or approximately so, theroller 29 on the arm travel upwardly free- P 28 engages the cam track31, which shifts the valve 7 to closed position.

Thereupon the two columns are cut 'otf from each other and the piston 3again becomes operative to make a power stroke. As the motion of thepulsator plunger 8 begins towards the left to make the power stroke thesleeve valve 16 is closed, and the liquid contained within the cylinder9 is forced down through the column 1 and acts upon the cross sectionalarea of the piston 3 within the cylinder 4. Thereupon the piston movesdownwardly. The valve 13 is immediately opened, and the liquid which hadpreviously been drawn into the cylinder 11 is now displaced into thecolumn 2 past the check valve 13, the inlet check valve 12 at this timeremaining closed and sustaining the full pressure of the static column.

The real pumping, that is, displacement of the liquid from the column 2,occurs on the down stroke of the piston 3 and plungers 1() and 5 both byvirture of the movement of the piston 3 in cylinder 4, displacing liquidin the column 2 by its movemen but more particularly by displacement oflquid by plunger 5 in cylinder 37. To whatever extent movement of thehollow plunger 10 in cylinder 11 displaces liquid therefrom, this isadded to the displaced liquid in column 2, causing it to discharge intothe receptace 40. The upward or return stroke has a differentialdisplacing effect, namely. that of the plunger 10 and the plunger 5, thenet result of which is a net drop of the column 2.

Referring now to Figs. 5 to 18 in which I have shown the details otstructure of pump and cylinders 4 and 11` which are showndiagrammatically in Fig. 4, it will be seen that I have constructed thepump in a form which will adapt it to be disposed in a well.

The pump shown in Fig. 5 comprises a number of sections. the uppersection 41 enclosing the cylinder 4. The next section 42 is a section ofseamless tubing of thin walls suitably enclosing the enlarged end 24 ofthe plunger 3 and the upper end of the pumping plunger 10. The nextstructural section comrises a piece of seamless tubing 43 enclosing ablock 44 Forming the cylinder 11 for the pumping plunger 10. Below thisthere is another section of tubing 45 to provide space within which theditlerential plunger 5 may operate. and below the section 45 is afurther section 46 enclosing a block or forging 47 containing thediilerential cylinder 37. Below this section 4G is a coupling 47 forholding the cvlinder head member 48 and for connecting the intake checkvalve cage 49. A further section 50 providing a screen and footing formsthe bottom of the pump.

These sections are all coupled together by screw threads. as will beapparent from the drawings. The cylinder member 4. as can be seen insection in Fig. (i, provides a plurality of asse ewa s 51, 51 formed blongitudinalpgrooes di' flutes, these tluted forming part of aconnection between the outer ipe defining the column 2 and the innerpipe efining the column 1. Longitudinal ridges or lands 52 fit closelywithin the walls of the coupling 41, being forced thereinto by hydraulicpressure and the like to cause the coupling 41 to embrace the cylindermember 4. The hollow plunger 3 is adapted to move within the bore `ofthe cylinder member 4 r and this piston member 3 has an enlarged hea 53onto which there is threaded a valve cage member 54 enclosing the rotaryvalve 7.

The cage member 54 is provided with ball bearings 55 for mounting therotary valve 7, said valve having a stem 56 extending down through thethrust bearing 55 and having a suitable head 57 to hold the valve 1inlace. The registering ports 26, 27 are clearly s own in section in Fig.7, and the operating arm 28 which bears the roller 29 is also shown inFig. 7. The cam members 31 and 30 are shown in Figs. 8 and 9, and thepath of the roller 29 is indicated by dotted lines and arrows. As shownin Fig. 5, the piston is in its uppermost position when the valve 7 isclosed.

The head 54 may be provided with guiding wings 58 embracing a track 59as shown in Fig. 7, although as will be apparent from the drawings, theguides of the head 54 may be imposed upon the rods 60 which connect thehead member 54 with the head 61 of the differential piston 5. These rods60, 60 are connected at their upper ends to the head member 54 of thepower iston 3 and at their lower ends to the hea member 61 to whichthere is secured the tubular differential plunger 5. The rods 60, 60pass down through the block 44 which forms the pumping cylinder 11. Thisblock in addition to containing the rods 60, 60 has passageways 63, 64extending longitudinally through the same on opposite sides of thecylinder 11 for the passage of liquid through one of them and to thecylinder 37.

These passageways are shown in Figure 11. One of the passageways 64, inthe member 44, continues on through the block 65, thence through themember 66, the cylinder block 47, and communicates with the bottom ofthe cylinder 37 of the differential plun er 5. This passageway 64, asconstructed in t e device of Figures .5 to 11, corresponds to thepassageway 38, shown in the diagram of Figure 4.

The cylinder block 44 houses, at its lower end, a valve cage 67 for theprimary inlet check valve k12, a secondary inlet check valve 68 beingemployed at a lower level in cage 49. The piston member 10 which moveswithin the cylinder 11 is connected, at its u per end, through the cagemember 33 and a s ort stud 32 to the head 54 ofthe power piston 3. Theupper check valve 12 may be omitted in favor of the single main checkvalve 68, as has been shown in igure 5. The intake passageway below thecheck valve 12 is provided by an oset passageway 71 in the member 66, asshown in Figures l() and 11. The central part of the block 66 isarranged to provide a space in which the head 61 of the dili'erentialplunger 5 may operate freely. The differential plunger 5 is a hollowtubular member, litting closely in the bore 37. The passageway 71 in themember 66 registers with a similar passageway in the cylinder block 47.The head member 48, which is a separate block fastened endwise inalignment with the cylinder block 47, has an oli'set passageway 72extending to the central part of the cage member 49 and held in place bythe coupling 47.

The footing and screen member 50 is welded onto a coupling member 73,which in turn, is threaded to the lower end of the cage member 49. Asuction pipe 74 is connected to the cage 49 through the intermediary ofthe coupling member 75, threaded externally and internally, as shown iuFigure 1l.

The space in which the upper end of the plunger 5 and its head member 61play is closed oil' from communication with either of the columns 1 or 2and is open to atmospheric or submergence pressure, if preferred, but lhave shown a passageway 76 communicating with the space 77, in which theplunger 5 plays and leading through a small check valve 78 to theoutside of the casing. Thus, any fluid which tends to collect in thespace T7 may be expelled and the entry of foreign matter to said space77 is prevented by the check valve 7S, any suction which may be createdin said space 77 because of the presence of said check valve 78 beingimmaterial to the operation of the device and having no appreciableretarding eliect upon the movement of the parts.

It can now be seen that the mechanical assembly shown in Figures 5 to 11is diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 4 and the operation of theparts shown in Figures 5 to 11 is identical with that disclosed in saidFigure 4.

The rods 60-60 fit close enough in the bores which pass through thecylinder member 44 and cylinder head block 65, to pre vent anyappreciable leakage from the outer column 2 to the free space 77. Thevarious parts are held in endwise alignment by the threaded connectionsabove described.

Mounting of the valve 7 on roller bearings provides for a minimum offriction between the parts, since the major part of the pressure isdownward and the pressure u on the walls of the valve 7 is substantiallyalanced. Obviously, the parts may be arranged in a dilferent manner,that is, the various pistons, plungers, and operating connections, and Ihave shown a modified form of arran ment in Figures 12 to 18, inclusive.In tiis form of device, the inner column 1 is shown as communicatingthrough a coupling member 80, head member 81, and cylinder member 82, tothe upper end of the operating piston 3 in the cylinder block 88. Inthis case, the di'erential plunger 84 is mounted in a bore 85 in thecylinder member 82 above the power piston The coupling member 80 and thehead member 81 are held together and 1n register b a threaded seamlesstubing member 88, which is threaded to the top ot' the cylinder member82. A head member 81 which forms a spacing block is set against ashoulder in the cylinder member 82 and is held in place by a downwardlyextending tubular portion 88 which surrounds the block and is threadedto the top of a cylinder block 83. The cylinder biock 83, at its lowerend, in turn, is threaded to a tubular coupling 89, which, at its lowerend, supports a spider member 90 above the upper end of a cylindermember 91 a second coupling member 92 extending trom the lower end ofthe coupling member 89 to the lower end of the cylinder block 91.

A flanged coupling member 94 forces the cage 95 against the lower end ofthe cylinder block 91. A passageway 96 extends from the center of thecoupling member 80 downwardly into communication with a continuation 97,formed longitudinally in the cylinder blocl; 82. This communicateslaterally, at 98, with a central part of the block or head 81 and thebore of the cylinder block 8:3 in which the power piston 8 moves. Thedifferential plunger 84 is connected by a rod 99 and coupling member 100with the top of the power piston 3, so that the two parts mechanicallyare unitary.

The column 2,'Which is the outer column, communicates by a passageway101 which extends successively through the coupling member 80, headmember 81, cylinder member 82, head member 87, power cylinder member 83,down to the space 102 in which the lower end of the power piston 3 andthe upper end of the pumping plunfrer 10 are disposed to move. Theenlarged head 53 of the power piston 3 carries the ea e 54 which forms,when the valve 7 is close ,the actual head of the piston 3. The rotaryvalve 7 is mounted on a thrust ball bearing 55, provided with a stem 56and this stem, in turn, is connected to an operating arm 28 bearing aroiler 29 for engagement with the cams or tracks 31 and 30, at the upperand lower ends of its travel, respectively. The head member 54 has alaterally extending slide 58 adapted to be guided by a track 59 toprevent rotation of the movable system when the arm 28 engages the cams30 or 31. A valve cage 33 containing the discharge check l valve 13connects the lower end of the power piston head 54 with the top of thepumping plunger 10.

The pumping plunger 10 plays in the bore 37, the lower end of whichcommunicates with the iniet check valve 12, which is mounted in asuitable cage 10i. The spider member 90 is shown in section in Figure18. Itis provided with openings, such as 105, to permit scale and thelike, which may settle out of the oil when the pump is first started, tobe received in an annular pocket 100 surrounding {he pumpingl cylinder3T. It is often the case that, in assemblingl a pump of this character,a certain amount of sand and scale unavoidably becomes enclosed withinthe pump and unless provision is made for disposing of the same afterthe pump is in place, it will lodge in such position with respect to themovable parts, particularly the pumping cylinder as to cause it to wearout or wear loose rapidly. This is prevented by the sharp formation ofthe upper end of the cylinder block 91 and arrangement to trap scale,sand and the like in the pocket 100.

The upper end of the diierential cylinder bore above the plunger 84communicates with the outside ol the pump through a check valve 10T,shown in dotted lines in Figures 12 and 13, to permit the same to ejectany fluid which might leak into the same.

The operation of the system thus far shown is substantially the same asheretofore described in connection with Figure 4, the diii'ereneebetween the device of Figure 12 and Figure 4 being largely a matter ofmechanical arrangement. The upper end ot `the differential piston S4, intbs case, is exposed to atmospheric or submergence pressure.

The valve 107 may be omitted. The lower side of the differential piston84 communicates with the power column 1 at all times. Likewise, theupper side of the power piston 3 communicates, at all times, with thepower column 1. The' lower side of the power piston 3 communicates atall times with the column 2 through the passageway 101. The two columnsare put into free con1- munication when the power piston 3 is driven tothe bottom oi its strode and they are disconnected b v closing of thevalve T when the power piston 3 and connected parts are moved rto theupper end or top of their stroke. The top of the pumping piston 10 is,at all times, in communication with the column 2 and the bottom of thesaid pumping plunger 10 is, at all times` in communication with theintake passageway 108, through the check valve 12. iVhen the parts arein the position shown. the valve 7 is closed, and pressure is applied tothe top of the power piston 3 and the bottom of the differential plunger84. Since the area of the power piston 3 is greater than the arca of thedif- ,5 employed may :Quasar 5 ing the transfer of 'quid from theBumping cylinder 37 to the space 102. At t e end of the stroke, thevalve 7 is shifted to permit the columns 1 and 2 to communicate witheach other and Vegualize the static pressure of the columns. hereupon,the static pressure acts upon the bottom of the differential plunger 84and the top of the pump plunger 10 Since the area of the plunger 84 isgreater than the area of the plunger 10 the movable system will be movedupwardly, with the result that a suction stroke of the plun er 10 drawsliquid throu h tle inlet check va ve 12 into the cylinder 3 The netresult of a movement of the lungers 84 and 10 is a drop in columns 1andp 2 because the outward displacement of the plunger 84 is greaterthan the inward dis lacement of the plunger 10.

The valves ifting mechanism for valve 7 preferably is arranged toprovide a snap action so that the piston 3 will be moved to a positionwhere a complete throw of the valve rom open to closed position, or viceversa, is accomplished. In the device of Fi res 19 to 24, inclusive, Ihave shown an em odiment of the invention in which a snap actuatingmechanism of this character has been indicated. The particular type ofsnap valve actuatin mechanism which is to be varied widely, butpreferably a system of spring actuation is emplcyed wherein the pistonmust ce moved to a eiinite dposition and the sprin must be compressebefore the valve 1s re eased for o actuation by the spring. Such amechanism in pumps is disclosed 1n thepatent to Perry, #933,200, and Icontemplate the em loyment of a snap actuating mechanism o thatcharacter in the actual construction of my l5 Pump- In the formillustratednFi s. 19 to 24 I have shown the differential p unger 5 asdisposed between the owe`r piston 3 and the pumping lunger 10. e powerpiston com- 0 prises a ollow tubular member fitting in the cylindermember 115, this member preferably, comprising a steel forging havingpassageways 116 communicating with the column 2. The cylinder member 115has a ground cylindrical bore 117, in which the ground tubular piston 3fits closely. The -cylinder block 115 is connected to the external droppipe 118 through a reducing coupling 119 and an intermediate couplingmember 120. these parts being threaded together. Intermediate couplingmember 120 holds a cylinder head member 121 a ainst the end of thecylinder block-115 an provides an upward y extending tubular flange i orcollar 122 containing drain ,passageways such as 123 shown in dottedlines. Leading from the top face of the collar 122 down ward andoutwardly to the outside of the coupling 120 the inner drop pipe 124which enc oses the column 1 is connected to a cooperating cou lingmember 125 which has a telescoping ange 126 embracing the collar 122 andwhich has a shoulder 127 closing oil the upper end of the drainpassagewa s 123.

y raising the drop pipe 124 and separating the flange 126 from collar122 the drain passa aways 124 are opened to permit drainmg o bot columnsl and 2. The cylinder head member 121 has passageways 128registering'with the passageways -116 in the cylinder lock 115. i

The cylinder block is preferably formed with flutes andllands, aspreviously explained in connection with Fig. 6, forced into a piece ofseamless tubing 129. The tubing and cylinder block are mechanicallyintegral though made of separate parts.

The section of tubing 129 is threaded into the cou ling member 120 atits upper end, and at'its lower end is threaded toanother pieceof'seamless tubing 130 whichcontains a thin tubular liner 131 forsupporting the o erating stops for the movable member of tllijeswitching valve 7. The switching valve 7 comprises a cup shaped memberpreferably of bronze having cylindrical side walls with ports 26 adaptedto register with ports 27 1n the tubular cage 132, which cage isthreaded to the lower end of the hollow power 'the pressure of liquidcolumn 1 upon the end 135 of the valve 7 I have provided small ports orpassageways 137 through the end member 135, these passageways 137 beingcovered by a plate 138 of dense fibrous material held in place by aperforated metal late 139 and screws 140. Through the dense brous plate138 and passa geways 137 -a highly restricted communication is`established between the inside of the valve 7 and the pocket in whichthe ball bearing 136 is disposed, so that the pressures tend to equalizeand yet no direct passageway for leakage is permitted. The stem 133 ofthe valve 7 lits closely in the bore in the head member 134 of the cage132 so that leakage is reduced to a minimum at this point.

The yoke 141y has a threaded ring 142 embracing the threaded head 134,and being therebyconnected to the power piston 3. The lower end of theyoke 141 comprises a crosshead 144, and to it are connected the rods145, 145. The lower ends of these rods are connected to a crosshead 146and to the upper side of the crosshead 146 there is connected adifferential plunger 147 which fits within the bore 148 of a cylindermember 149. The cylinder member 149 has flutes and lands ermitting thecylinder member to be forced into and held by the shell 150 of seamlesstubing. The liner 131 is placed in a counterbore in the shell 150 at thepart which extends above the cylinder block 149. The bore 148communicatesby Way of a passageway 151 with the outside of the pumpthrough a check valve 152 which opens outwardly.

A tubular shell 153 is connected by threads to the shell 150, and itprovides an open space 164 which communicates through the passageway 155about the cylinder block 149 with the open space 156 above the cylinderblock 149 and normally in communication with the column 2.

The pumping plunger 10 fits within the bore 157 of the cylinder block158, and it 1s connected though the valve cage 159 to the crosshead 146.The valve cage 159 contains a check valve 160. The cylinder 158has atapered shoulder 161 at its u per end for scraping olf scale, sand and te like when the pump is put into operation ,and the upper end of saidcylinder 158 is held in proper alinement by a spider 162 clamped betweenthe shell 153 and tubular shell 163.

The spider 162 is shown in section in Fig. 23, and it has openings orpassageways through which scale, sand and the like can settle into thepocket 164 formed between the shell 163 and the sides of the cylinder158. The lower end ofthe cylinder 158 comprises a solid head member 165held in place in a counterbore in the lower end of the shell 163 by acoupling member 166 which embraces also the liange on the upper end of avalve housin 167 for housin an inlet cheek valve 168. gIhe inlet checvalve 168 1S held in a removable cage 169 which provides a suitable seat170 for the valve. An intake pipe 171 leads to the well through asuitable strainer member 172, asis well understood by those skilled inthe art.

The liner 131 within the shell 150 carries two blocks 175 and 176fastened thereto by suitable screws or the like, and these blocksprovide supports for valve tripping members 177 and 178. The block 177is mounted on the stationary blocks 175 through the intermediary of apair of springs 179. In a similar manner the tri block 178 is guided ona pair of pins 180 wlth a spring 181 disposed about each of the guidingpins 130 in order to provide a yielding support for the trip block 178.The stem 1330i the valve 7 has a bevel pinion 182 secured thereto. Thebeveled gear sector 183 is mounted on a horizontal axis as by means ofa. pin 184, the pin being mounted in the arms of the yoke member 141.The beveled gear sector 183 has rigid therewith an arm 185 whichprojects out into the path of the tripping blocks 177 and 178. The arm185 is disposed on a diameter so that its engagement with the blocks 177 and 17 8 will not tend to rotate the movable system.

The operation of the device is as follows: Assume that the parts are inthe position shown, and the Ycolumns 1 and 2 exert their pressure withinthe space 156 and the space 154. The power piston 3 has been opened bythe switching valve 7, hydrostatic pressure is exerted equally per unitarea on the pumping plunger 10 and the dili'erential plunger 147. '1"l1epumping plunger 10 is of a smaller diameter than the diii'erentialplunger 5, with the result that the system moves upwardly, taking inliquid below the pumping plunger 1() and moving the movable systemupwardly until the arm 185 of the valve shifting mechanism engages thetripping block '17 7 whereupon the valve 7 will be closed. The nextimpulse of pressure in the column 1 then drives the pistonA 3 andconnected parts downwardly, openrng the dis-` charge check valve 166 ofthe pumping plunger 1() and transferring liquid from the inside of theplunger 10 to the space 154, displacing by a downward movement of piston3 and plunger 5 liquid up through the discharge column 2.

When the moving system approaches the bottom of its stroke the trip arm185 engages the tripping block 17 8 and compresses the spring 181. Thetripping block 178 and also the tripping block 177 are supported on twosprings and are formed of arcuate shape, as indicated in Fig. 24. Theblock 178 may be moved down to a point where the spring is suiiicientlycompressed to overcome the friction of the valve and connected parts,and vthereupon the valve starts to open and the recoil of the spring 181throws the valve to completely open position. Thereupon the pressures onopposite sides of the valve are equalized and the return stroke of themoving system begins.

This invention secures a highly advantageous result in providingincreased spoed of operation of the pump, i. e., this pump can make morestrokes per minute than the pumps of the class shown in my priorapplications. The reason for this is the fact that the motion of thelong columns of liquid need not be reversed at each stroke. The inertiaof the long liquid columns is great and requires time to stop and start.In the present pump, while separate strokes are made, the columns alwaysmove in the same direction. If the strokes of pump and pulsator do notcoincide, no harm results, as the succeeding stroke of the pulsator willdrive the motor piston to the limit of its stroke and open the bypass toprepare it for the return stroke.

I do not intend to be limited to the details of construction which Ihave illustrated and described, as they obviousl may be varied withoutdeparting from t e invention. I believe it is broadly new to provide aconstruction in which the two columns are equalized at the end of thestroke and the return stroke of the movable system made b staticpressure only. I believe it is broadly new to employ unidirectionalpulsations ci pressure in a single liquid column for operating a pump.

I claim:

1. The method of raising liquid from a depth which comprises, sustaininga pair of hydraulic columns upon opposite sides of a movable member, exosing a part of said member to pressure in erior to the static head ofsaid columns, applyin pressure to one of said columns to move sai memberand to discharge liquid from the other column, then connecting thecolumns to equalize pressure upon opposite sides of the member, thenreturning the member by static pressure of the columns applied over aportion of the member opposite the area exposed to the inferior pressureand by one of said movements of the member introducing liquid into thehydraulic system.

2. The method of actuating the power member of a deep well pump, whichcomprises sustaining a pair of hydraulic columns upon opposite sides ofthe member, exposing a part of said member to a pressure inferior to thestatic head of said column, apressure to one of said columns to move t emember and to discharge liquid from the other column, then connectingthe columns to equalize the hydrostatic pressure upon opposite sides ofthe member, and then moving the member in the op osite direction bystatic pressure of the co umns applied over a portion of the memberopposite the area exposed to the inferior pressure.

3. The method of raising liquid by a motor piston dis d between thelower ends of a pair of ydraulic columns and having a larger surfacearea exposed to one of the columns than to the other column, whichcomprises moving the piston in one direction by a plying pressure to oneof the columns, disc erging iquid thereby from the other column,equalizing the pressure of the columns by openin them into each other atthe piston, then dllowing both columns to dro and moving the piston backby the diii'erential reaction of said columns on the iston, and by oneof the movements of said) piston introducing liquid into one of thecolumns.

4. The method of operating a deep well motor piston dis osed between thelower ends of a pair of hydraulic columns and having a larger surfacearea exposed to one of the columns than to the other, which comprisesmoving the piston in one direction by applying pressure to one of thecolumns, simultaneously discharging liquid thereby from the othercolummequalizm the pressure of the columns on opposite si es of thepiston, and moving the piston back by the diiiercntinl reaction of saidcolumns on the piston allowing both columns to drop.

5. The method of making the return stroke of a motor piston disposedbetween two hydraulic columns and having a larger surface area exposedto one column than to the other column, which comprises applyingpressure to one of the columns openin a passageway from one column tothe ot er about the piston, then allowing liquid from both columns tomove by hydrostatic pressure, and by the differential reaction of saidcolumns on the piston returning the piston, and closing oil theconnection between the columns.

G. A deep well pump com rising the combination of a pumping cylin erhaving a piston, a pair of li uld columns of substantially equalhydrostatic head extending to said cylinder, means actuated bapplication of pressure to one of the co umns for making a stroke of thepumping piston in one direction, and means actuated by the difference inpressure between thehydrostatic head of the columns and externalpressure for lmaking the return stroke of the pumping piston.

'i'. In combination, a pump having a plunger, a power piston for movingthe plunger 1n one direction, a static head plunger for moving the umplunger in the opposite direction, and) a h raulic column applyingpressure to both, plungers, said static ead plunger being exposed on oneside to a pressure inferior to the static head of the hydraulic column.

8. In combination, means for maintaining a pair of hydraulic columns, acylinder connected between the lower ends of the columns, a piston inthe cylinder, the opposite exposed sides of the piston being ofdifferent areas, a by ass for equalizing pressures on opposite s1 es ofthe piston and a valve controlling the bypass, said valve being actuatedat the ends of the stroke of the iston for alternately opening andclosing t e byass.

p 9. In combination, a cylinder, h draulic columns connected to theopposite en of the cylinder, means for applying pressure to one of thecolumns, a dilerential piston having one portion thereof fitting in saidcylinder and having a ortion exposed to an inferior pressure, and bypassmeans operated at the end of the stroke of the piston for alternatelyopenin and closing the bypass about said piston tween said columns.

10. In combination, a cylinder, a piston therein, a discharge hydrauliccolumn conpower nected to one end of the cylinder, a power columnconnected to the other end of the cylinder, a pulsator for periodicallyapplying pressure to the ower column, a lunger connected to the pistonand ex ose to pressure inferior to the pressure of t e hydrauliccolumns, a bypass about the piston, and means for opening the bypass atthe end of one stroke of the iston.

11. In com ination, a cylinder containing a power piston, a hydraulicdischarge column connected to the cylinder on one side of the piston, ahydraulic power column connected to the cylinder on the opposite side ofthe piston, means for applying pressure periodically to the powercelu-inn, a static lunger exosed on one side to a pressure in erior tothe E drostatic head of said columns, a by-pass a ut the piston openedat the end of a stroke in one direction and closed at the end of astroke in the opposite direction, a pumping cylinder having a plungerconnected to the iston, and inlet and discharge check valves ordischarging liquid into one of said columns.

12. In combination, a working cylinder having a working piston, adischarge column connected to the cylinder on one side of the piston, ahydraulic power column connected to the cylinder at t e opposite sidesof the working piston, a'pulsator for periodically discharging liquid athigh pressure into the power column, a static plunger connected to theworking iston, a bypass about the work ing piston or equalizing thepressure on op osite sides of the saine when it is open, a va ve forcontrolling said bypass, and means to o n the valve when the workingpiston has n moved to the end of its stroke by liquid forced downthrough the power column by the pulsator.

13. In combination, a working cylinder having a working piston, adischarge column connected to the cylinder on one side of the piston, ahydraulic power column connected to the cylinder at t e opposite sidesof the working piston, a pulsator for periodically discharging liquid athigh pressure into the power column a static plunger connected to theworkin piston, a bypass about the working piston or eqalizing thepressure on opposite sides of t e same when it is open, a valve forcontrolling said bypass, and means to o n the valve when the workingpiston has n moved to the end of its stro re by liquid forced downthrough the ower co1- umn b the pulsator, said working piston when e bass is open being moved on the return stro e by a static pressure of oneof the columns operating on the static plunger, and means to close saidvalve when the working piston has been moved to the end of its returnstroke.

14. In combination, a working cylinder having a workingpiston, adischarge column connected to the cylinder on one side of the piston, aworking hydraulic column connected to the cylinder on the opposite sideof the working piston, a pulsator for periodically dischargin liquid athigh pressure into the working co umn, a static plunger exposed on oneside to the static head of the hydraulic columns and on the other to aninferior pressure, a pump having a pumping plunger for pumpin liquidthrough the discharge column, sai lungers being connected axially inline an moved in one direction by the fluid pressure of the power columnand moved in the opposite direction by the static pressure operating onsaid static plunger.

15. In combination, a pair of liquid columns, a movable pistonseparating said columns, means for interconnectin the columns about thepiston at one end o its stroke, a pump operated by movement of saidpiston, said pump discharging liquid through one of said columns, and aplunger o erated by static pressure of the columns or making the returnstroke of the piston and closing said bypass.

16. In a deep well pum the combination of means forholding a pair ofhydraulic columns, a movable piston separating said columns, means foropening an interconnection between said columns when the piston hasmoved to one end of its stroke, means for closing the interconnection onthe end of the return stroke of the piston, and means comprising aplunger exposed on one side to static pressure of the columns and to aninferior pressure on the other side for making the return stroke of thepiston.

17. In combination, means for defining a pair of hydraulic columns, amovable power piston separating said columns and moved y pressuredifference between the columns, means for periodically dischargingliquid under ressure into one of the columns, means or opening aninterconnection about the piston at the end of its outward stroke, aconnected single acting pump plunger for discharging liquid into theother of said columns, a connected static plunger displaced by movementof said power piston during its outward stroke, said static plungermoving the power piston and the pump plunger to make the return strokewhen the interconnection is opened, and means to close saidinterconnection at the end of said return stroke. l

18. In combination, a working cylinder, a pumping cylinder and a statichead cyliner connected in alinement, a pair of hydraulic columnsconnected to, opposite ends of the working cylinder, a connectionbetween one end of the static head cylinder and the discharge column,the other end of the static head cylinder bein connected to an inferiorpressure, an inlet c eck valve for the pumping cylinder, a dischargecheck valve for the pumping cylinder o ning into the discharge column,said cylin ers having pistons connected to ether for ower movement, anda switchlng valve or interconnecting the columns about the workingpiston at the end of its discharge stroke.

19. In combination, a working c linder, a pumping cylinder and a statichea cylinder, all disposed in alinement, pistons for said cylindersconnected together in alinement, a pair of hydraulic columns connectedto o posite ends of the working cylinder, one o said columns being adischar e column and being` connected to one end o the static .headcylinder and also connected to receive liquid from the pumping cylinder,and a rotary bypass valve carried by the Working piston and adapted tobe opened at the end of the downward stroke of said connected piston tointerconnect said columns.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 2nd day of May,1928.

WILBUR N. SQUIRES.

all disposed in alinement, pistons or said' cylinders connected togetherin alinement, a pair of hydraulic columns connected to opposite ends ofthe working cylinder, one o said columns being a dischar e column andbeing connected to one end o the static .head cylinder and alsoconnected to receive liquid from the pumping cylinder, and a rotarybypass valve carried by the working piston and adapted to be opened atthe end of the downward stroke of said connected piston to interconnectsaid columns.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 2nd da of May,1928.

WIL UR N. SQUIRES.

CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,832, 667.

Granted November 17, 1931, to

WILBUR N. soUIREs.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Page 9, lines 72 to 74,

claim 4, strike out the words "and moving the piston back by thedifferential reaction of said columns on the piston allowing bothcolumns to drop" and insert instead and then allowing both columns todrop and moving thepiston 'back by the differential reaction of saidcolumns on the piston; and that the said Letters Patent should be readwith this correction therein that the same may conform to the record ofthe case in the. Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 9th day of February, A. D. 1932.

(Seal) M. I. Moore, Acting Commissioner of Patents.

CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,832,667. Granted November 17. 1931, to

WILBUR N. SOUIRES.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 9,lines 72 to 74, claim 4, strike out the words "and moving the pistonback by the differential reaction of said columns on the piston allowingboth columns to drop" and insert instead and then allowing both columnsto drop and moving the piston back by the differential reaction of saidcolumns on the piston; and that the said Letters Patent should be readwith this correction therein that the same may conform to the record ofthe case in theV Patent Office,

Signed and sealed this 9th day of February, A. D. 1932.

M. J. Moore, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

